PUBLICATIONS

Publications

• Lee. 2026. “Chapter 10: North Korea’s Cyber-AI Nexus Strategy and the Digital Panopticon.” Edited by Sangbae Kim. International Politics of the Cyber-AI-Nuclear Nexus: Transformation of International Order and The Korean Peninsula. Center for Future Warfare Studies Series 13. Center for Future Warfare Studies, Seoul National University. Hanul books. [in Korean]

• Lee. 2026. “Institutional Formation and Structural Paradoxes of U.S. Cyber Command: The Causal Cascade Structure from the Dual-Hat Arrangement to the Cyber Force Debate.” National Strategy Vol. 32, No. 3 (Autumn 2026), pp. 33-65. [in Korean]

• Lee. 2026. “North Korea’s Cyber-AI Nexus Strategy and the Digital Panopticon: Intentional Appropriation and Social Reconstruction of Universal Technology.” Unification and Peace Vol. 18, No. 2 (Summer 2026), pp. 195-239. [in Korean]

• Yang and Lee. 2026. “U.S. Cyber Integrated Deterrence Strategy and International Cooperation: Focusing on Alliances and International Organizations.” National Security and Strategy Vol. 26, No. 1 (Spring 2026), pp.225-273. Institute for National Security Strategy. [in Korean]

• Lee. 2026. “Chapter 6: Defense AI and Data Strategy for Cyber Security.” Edited by Sangbae Kim. The Cyber Complex Nexus: Emerging Trends and Strategic Responses. 2026 KACS Special Report. Korean Association for Cyber Security. [in Korean]

• Lee. 2025. “Chapter 6: Artificial Intelligence and Cyber Security.” Edited by Sangbae Kim. Artificial Intelligence and the Transformation of International Politics: Geopolitical Competition and the Emergence of a New Order. Center for Future Warfare Studies Series 12. Center for Future Warfare Studies, Seoul National University. Hanul books. [in Korean]

• Lee. 2024. The Formation of U.S. Cyber Security Strategy: The Securitization Phases of Cyber Security Policy in the Obama Administration and the Transformation of Cyberspace. Ph.D. Dissertation. Seoul National University. [in Korean]
• Lee, Yoo, and Shin. 2022. Cyber Security Dictionary (E-book). Center for Cyber Security. Seoul: Panopticon(L&J Books). [in Korean]

• Lee. 2019. “Swedish Cyber Security Strategy: Information Sharing and International Cooperation(in Korean).” Sangbae Kim eds. National Strategy for Cyber Security 3.0. [in Korean]

• Excellence Award. 2019. 1st INSS Emerging Security Papers Awards. Institute of National Security Strategy.
• Lee. 2018. “U.S. Cyber Security Strategy on International Cooperation: Asia-Pacific Regional Strategy and U.S.-Japan Linkage(in Korean).” Sangbae Kim and Byeongwon Min eds. An International Relations Prospects on Cyber Security. [in Korean]

• Lee. 2016. “U.S.-Japan Cyber Security Policy and Security Alliances in the Asia-Pacific region.” U.S., Japan, and Korean Cyber Security Policy (in Korean). The Korean Association of International Studies(KAIS) 60th annual conference. 2 December.

Online Publications

• “North Korea’s Cyber-AI Nexus Strategy and the Digital Panopticon: Intentional Appropriation and Social Reconstruction of Universal Technology [in Korean].” (Working Paper No. 44 (2026), Senior Research Fellow, Center for Future Warfare Studies, Seoul National University).
• “African People’s AI Inference is Real-Time Input to Beijing Servers [in Korean].” Op-Ed, Hankook Ilbo, 2025/10/02.
• “Artificial Intelligence and Cybersecurity: Means, Targets, and Agency [in Korean]” (Working Paper No. 29 (2025), Senior Research Fellow, Center for Future Warfare Studies, Seoul National University)
• “Artificial Intelligence and Cybersecurity: Means, Targets, and Actors [in Korean]” (Issue Brief No. 19 (2024), Senior Research Fellow, Center for Future Warfare Studies, Seoul National University)
• “The Evolution of AI Technology and Cyber Conflict Between the U.S. and DPRK: Sanctions Evasion and Cryptocurrency [in Korean]” (Issue Brief No. 13 (2024), Senior Research Fellow, Center for Future Warfare Studies, Seoul National University)
• “HUAWEI Incident and U.S.-China Trade Conflict [in Korean]” (Issue Brief No. 69 (2019), Staff Researcher, Institute of International Affairs, Seoul National University)
• “Sweden’s Cybersecurity Strategy: Public-Private Cooperation and Nordic Defense & Security Cooperation [in Korean]” (Working Paper No. 125 (2019), Staff Researcher, Institute of International Studies, Seoul National University)